España

Business days calculator

Count working days in España (no Saturdays, Sundays or holidays)

Between two dates Add business days

Count working days in España (no Saturdays, Sundays or holidays)

This month Next 30 days Until year end +10 business days +15 business days +30 business days

13329

business days

From December 25, 1973 to July 26, 2026

We swapped the dates because “to” was earlier than “from”.

Business day 13329
Weekend 5488
Holidays 390

19207 days in the period

19207

Total days

5488

Weekend

390

Holidays

Holidays in the period

Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 1973
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 1974
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 1974
Good Friday Fri 12 Apr 1974
Labour Day Wed 1 May 1974
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 1974
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 1974
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 1974
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 1974
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 1974
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 1974
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 1975
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 1975
Good Friday Fri 28 Mar 1975
Labour Day Thu 1 May 1975
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 1975
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 1975
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 1975
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 1975
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 1975
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 1975
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 1976
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 1976
Good Friday Fri 16 Apr 1976
Labour Day Sat 1 May 1976
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 1976
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 1976
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 1976
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 1976
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 1976
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 1976
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 1977
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 1977
Good Friday Fri 8 Apr 1977
Labour Day Sun 1 May 1977
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 1977
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 1977
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 1977
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 1977
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 1977
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 1977
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 1978
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 1978
Good Friday Fri 24 Mar 1978
Labour Day Mon 1 May 1978
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 1978
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 1978
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 1978
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 1978
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 1978
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 1978
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 1979
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 1979
Good Friday Fri 13 Apr 1979
Labour Day Tue 1 May 1979
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 1979
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 1979
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 1979
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 1979
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 1979
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 1979
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 1980
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 1980
Good Friday Fri 4 Apr 1980
Labour Day Thu 1 May 1980
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 1980
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 1980
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 1980
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 1980
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 1980
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 1980
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 1981
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 1981
Good Friday Fri 17 Apr 1981
Labour Day Fri 1 May 1981
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 1981
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 1981
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 1981
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 1981
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 1981
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 1981
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 1982
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 1982
Good Friday Fri 9 Apr 1982
Labour Day Sat 1 May 1982
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 1982
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 1982
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 1982
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 1982
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 1982
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 1982
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 1983
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 1983
Good Friday Fri 1 Apr 1983
Labour Day Sun 1 May 1983
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 1983
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 1983
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 1983
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 1983
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 1983
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 1983
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 1984
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 1984
Good Friday Fri 20 Apr 1984
Labour Day Tue 1 May 1984
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 1984
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 1984
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 1984
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 1984
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 1984
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 1984
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 1985
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 1985
Good Friday Fri 5 Apr 1985
Labour Day Wed 1 May 1985
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 1985
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 1985
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 1985
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 1985
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 1985
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 1985
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 1986
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 1986
Good Friday Fri 28 Mar 1986
Labour Day Thu 1 May 1986
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 1986
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 1986
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 1986
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 1986
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 1986
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 1986
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 1987
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 1987
Good Friday Fri 17 Apr 1987
Labour Day Fri 1 May 1987
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 1987
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 1987
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 1987
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 1987
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 1987
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 1987
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 1988
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 1988
Good Friday Fri 1 Apr 1988
Labour Day Sun 1 May 1988
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 1988
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 1988
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 1988
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 1988
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 1988
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 1988
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 1989
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 1989
Good Friday Fri 24 Mar 1989
Labour Day Mon 1 May 1989
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 1989
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 1989
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 1989
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 1989
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 1989
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 1989
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 1990
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 1990
Good Friday Fri 13 Apr 1990
Labour Day Tue 1 May 1990
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 1990
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 1990
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 1990
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 1990
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 1990
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 1990
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 1991
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 1991
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 1991
Labour Day Wed 1 May 1991
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 1991
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 1991
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 1991
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 1991
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 1991
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 1991
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 1992
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 1992
Good Friday Fri 17 Apr 1992
Labour Day Fri 1 May 1992
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 1992
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 1992
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 1992
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 1992
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 1992
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 1992
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 1993
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 1993
Good Friday Fri 9 Apr 1993
Labour Day Sat 1 May 1993
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 1993
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 1993
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 1993
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 1993
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 1993
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 1993
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 1994
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 1994
Good Friday Fri 1 Apr 1994
Labour Day Sun 1 May 1994
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 1994
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 1994
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 1994
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 1994
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 1994
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 1994
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 1995
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 1995
Good Friday Fri 14 Apr 1995
Labour Day Mon 1 May 1995
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 1995
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 1995
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 1995
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 1995
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 1995
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 1995
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 1996
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 1996
Good Friday Fri 5 Apr 1996
Labour Day Wed 1 May 1996
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 1996
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 1996
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 1996
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 1996
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 1996
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 1996
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 1997
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 1997
Good Friday Fri 28 Mar 1997
Labour Day Thu 1 May 1997
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 1997
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 1997
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 1997
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 1997
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 1997
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 1997
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 1998
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 1998
Good Friday Fri 10 Apr 1998
Labour Day Fri 1 May 1998
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 1998
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 1998
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 1998
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 1998
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 1998
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 1998
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 1999
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 1999
Good Friday Fri 2 Apr 1999
Labour Day Sat 1 May 1999
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 1999
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 1999
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 1999
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 1999
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 1999
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 1999
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2000
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 2000
Good Friday Fri 21 Apr 2000
Labour Day Mon 1 May 2000
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 2000
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 2000
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 2000
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 2000
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2000
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2000
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2001
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 2001
Good Friday Fri 13 Apr 2001
Labour Day Tue 1 May 2001
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 2001
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 2001
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 2001
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 2001
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2001
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2001
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2002
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 2002
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 2002
Labour Day Wed 1 May 2002
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 2002
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 2002
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 2002
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 2002
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2002
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2002
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2003
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2003
Good Friday Fri 18 Apr 2003
Labour Day Thu 1 May 2003
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 2003
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 2003
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 2003
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 2003
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2003
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2003
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2004
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 2004
Good Friday Fri 9 Apr 2004
Labour Day Sat 1 May 2004
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 2004
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 2004
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 2004
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 2004
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 2004
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2004
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2005
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 2005
Good Friday Fri 25 Mar 2005
Labour Day Sun 1 May 2005
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2005
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 2005
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 2005
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 2005
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2005
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2005
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2006
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 2006
Good Friday Fri 14 Apr 2006
Labour Day Mon 1 May 2006
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 2006
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 2006
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 2006
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 2006
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2006
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2006
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2007
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 2007
Good Friday Fri 6 Apr 2007
Labour Day Tue 1 May 2007
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 2007
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 2007
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 2007
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 2007
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2007
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2007
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2008
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 2008
Good Friday Fri 21 Mar 2008
Labour Day Thu 1 May 2008
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 2008
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 2008
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 2008
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 2008
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2008
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2008
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2009
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 2009
Good Friday Fri 10 Apr 2009
Labour Day Fri 1 May 2009
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 2009
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 2009
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 2009
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 2009
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 2009
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2009
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2010
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 2010
Good Friday Fri 2 Apr 2010
Labour Day Sat 1 May 2010
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 2010
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 2010
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 2010
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 2010
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 2010
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2010
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2011
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 2011
Good Friday Fri 22 Apr 2011
Labour Day Sun 1 May 2011
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2011
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 2011
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 2011
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 2011
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2011
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2011
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2012
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 2012
Good Friday Fri 6 Apr 2012
Labour Day Tue 1 May 2012
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 2012
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 2012
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 2012
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 2012
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2012
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2012
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2013
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 2013
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 2013
Labour Day Wed 1 May 2013
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 2013
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 2013
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 2013
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 2013
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2013
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2013
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2014
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2014
Good Friday Fri 18 Apr 2014
Labour Day Thu 1 May 2014
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 2014
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 2014
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 2014
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 2014
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2014
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2014
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2015
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 2015
Good Friday Fri 3 Apr 2015
Labour Day Fri 1 May 2015
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 2015
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 2015
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 2015
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 2015
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 2015
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2015
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2016
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 2016
Good Friday Fri 25 Mar 2016
Labour Day Sun 1 May 2016
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2016
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 2016
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 2016
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 2016
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2016
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2016
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2017
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 2017
Good Friday Fri 14 Apr 2017
Labour Day Mon 1 May 2017
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 2017
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 2017
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 2017
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 2017
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2017
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2017
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2018
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 2018
Good Friday Fri 30 Mar 2018
Labour Day Tue 1 May 2018
Assumption Wed 15 Aug 2018
National Day of Spain Fri 12 Oct 2018
All Saints' Day Thu 1 Nov 2018
Constitution Day Thu 6 Dec 2018
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2018
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2018
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2019
Epiphany Sun 6 Jan 2019
Good Friday Fri 19 Apr 2019
Labour Day Wed 1 May 2019
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 2019
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 2019
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 2019
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 2019
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2019
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2019
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2020
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2020
Good Friday Fri 10 Apr 2020
Labour Day Fri 1 May 2020
Assumption Sat 15 Aug 2020
National Day of Spain Mon 12 Oct 2020
All Saints' Day Sun 1 Nov 2020
Constitution Day Sun 6 Dec 2020
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 2020
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2020
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2021
Epiphany Wed 6 Jan 2021
Good Friday Fri 2 Apr 2021
Labour Day Sat 1 May 2021
Assumption Sun 15 Aug 2021
National Day of Spain Tue 12 Oct 2021
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 2021
Constitution Day Mon 6 Dec 2021
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 2021
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2021
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2022
Epiphany Thu 6 Jan 2022
Good Friday Fri 15 Apr 2022
Labour Day Sun 1 May 2022
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2022
National Day of Spain Wed 12 Oct 2022
All Saints' Day Tue 1 Nov 2022
Constitution Day Tue 6 Dec 2022
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2022
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2022
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2023
Epiphany Fri 6 Jan 2023
Good Friday Fri 7 Apr 2023
Labour Day Mon 1 May 2023
Assumption Tue 15 Aug 2023
National Day of Spain Thu 12 Oct 2023
All Saints' Day Wed 1 Nov 2023
Constitution Day Wed 6 Dec 2023
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2023
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2023
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2024
Epiphany Sat 6 Jan 2024
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 2024
Labour Day Wed 1 May 2024
Assumption Thu 15 Aug 2024
National Day of Spain Sat 12 Oct 2024
All Saints' Day Fri 1 Nov 2024
Constitution Day Fri 6 Dec 2024
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2024
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2024
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2025
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2025
Good Friday Fri 18 Apr 2025
Labour Day Thu 1 May 2025
Assumption Fri 15 Aug 2025
National Day of Spain Sun 12 Oct 2025
All Saints' Day Sat 1 Nov 2025
Constitution Day Sat 6 Dec 2025
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2025
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2025
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2026
Epiphany Tue 6 Jan 2026
Good Friday Fri 3 Apr 2026
Labour Day Fri 1 May 2026

Preguntas frecuentes

What counts as a business day?

In CivicCalendar a business day is a Monday–Friday that is not a legal holiday in España. Saturdays and Sundays are not counted.

Is the start day included?

Yes. In “Between two dates” mode both dates are inclusive. In “Add business days”, counting starts on the start date if that date is a business day.

Are regional holidays considered?

National holidays and regional holidays defined for the country are used. If a regional holiday does not apply to your area, the result may differ.

Is this an official calculation?

It is indicative according to current legislation and calendars loaded on the site. For critical legal or labor deadlines, confirm with the relevant rule or authority.